At Global Scholars Publishers, we are committed to the principles of open-access publishing. Our copyright policy ensures that authors retain ownership of their work while allowing global access, reuse, and dissemination under clear, fair terms.

1. Author Copyright Retention

Authors retain full copyright of their work upon publication with Global Scholars Publishers. This means authors maintain legal ownership of their intellectual property and are free to:

• Share the article on personal or institutional websites

• Use the article in future research, books, or educational materials

• Distribute copies to colleagues or students

• Present the work at conferences and seminars

2. Licensing Terms

All articles published by Global Scholars Publishers are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

This license allows:

• Sharing: Copying and redistributing the material in any medium or format

• Adaptation: Remixing, transforming, and building upon the material for any purpose, even commercially

Under the condition that:

• Proper attribution is given to the original author(s) and source

• A link to the license is provided

• Any changes made are clearly indicated

For details, visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

3. Publisher Rights

While authors retain copyright, by submitting a manuscript, authors grant Global Scholars Publishers the following non-exclusive rights:

• The right to publish, reproduce, distribute, and archive the work in print and digital formats

• The right to index and make the work discoverable through scholarly databases and search engines

• The right to preserve the work for long-term digital archiving (e.g., via CLOCKSS, LOCKSS, or institutional repositories)

4. Third-Party Content

Authors are responsible for obtaining permission to reuse any copyrighted third-party materials (e.g., figures, tables, or images) that are not under open licenses. Proper acknowledgments and source credits must be provided.

5. Preprints and Postprints

Global Scholars Publishers supports the sharing of preprints and accepted manuscripts:

• Preprints (submitted version): Can be shared anytime on preprint servers or repositories

• Postprints (accepted version): May be shared after acceptance with a citation to the final published article and DOI

6. Copyright Infringement and Disputes

We take copyright infringement seriously. If any content is found to violate copyright laws or the rights of others, we will:

• Investigate the claim promptly

• Retract or remove infringing content if necessary

• Notify the involved parties

7. Contact and Permissions

For questions about copyright, licensing, or permissions, contact our editorial office.