At Global Scholars Publishers, we are firmly committed to the principles of open access. We believe that knowledge should be freely available to all without barriers—supporting equitable access to research and accelerating the global exchange of ideas.

1. Open Access Definition

All content published by Global Scholars Publishers is made freely and permanently accessible online immediately upon publication, with no embargo periods. Users are allowed to:

• Read

• Download

• Copy

• Distribute

• Print

• Search

• Link to the full texts of articles

— without financial, legal, or technical restrictions, provided proper attribution is given to the original authors and source.

2. Licensing Terms

All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

This license permits:

• Use and reuse for any purpose, including commercial

• Adaptation and remixing of the work

• Distribution in any medium or format

Users must:

• Give appropriate credit

• Provide a link to the license

• Indicate if changes were made

Learn more: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/